Bitstamp

Bitstamp — Provider states: Market structure, not one flag: 'Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency' — Bitstamp Europe S.A. (EU/EEA via MiCA passport), Bitstamp UK Ltd. (UK, MLR registration), Bitstamp USA, Inc. (US: eligibility clause requires you 'reside in the United States or U.S. territories'), Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd (Singapore), Bitstamp Global Ltd. (BVI, rest of world) — fee-schedule footer, capture 2026-08-04. The US ToU carries the standard OFAC/sanctions representation ('are not identified as a "Specially Designated National" by the Office of Foreign Assets Control'), which is an eligibility rule applying everywhere, NOT a regional footprint; the only true market restrictions found are the entity-routing above and 'Derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries.' Status page also notes 'Availability of assets and trading pairs may vary by region and legal entity'.

Kraken

Kraken — Provider states: Two distinct kinds of geographic language found. (1) True market restrictions/absences, self-disclosed on https://support.kraken.com/articles/where-is-kraken-licensed-or-regulated: 'Kraken ist in Singapur nicht lizenziert oder reguliert.' ('Kraken is not licensed or regulated in Singapore'). (2) A single 'Verbotene Regionen' (prohibited regions) list — 'Wir führen keine Geschäfte für Kunden aus den folgenden Regionen': Afghanistan, Belarus (Weißrussland), Crimea/Donetsk/Luhansk, Cuba, DR Congo, Iran, Iraq, JAPAN, Libya, North Korea, Russia, Sudan, South Sudan, Syria — note Japan appears INSIDE this same list (verified 2026-08-18), so the page does not separate its Japan market exit from the sanctions-driven entries; the earlier draft's 'separate non-operated list' framing was wrong. Contracting entities are region-matched in the terms: Payward Interactive (US), PESL (EEA), Payward Canada, Bit Trade (AU), Payward Trading Ltd (BVI) for 'anywhere else in the world where we make our services available (except Canada, or as noted below)' (full clause verified in global terms).

Bitvavo

Bitvavo — Provider states: A genuine market restriction, not OFAC boilerplate: 'Bitvavo operates within the SEPA zone (Single Euro Payments Area).' and 'You must reside in one of the supported countries to create an account with Bitvavo.' followed by an explicit 24-country list (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden — the draft said 27; the live article lists 24) plus 7 overseas regions (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, Reunion, Canary Islands, Azores) that may register with a supported-country ID/IBAN (https://support.bitvavo.com/hc/en-us/articles/4405238046993, 'Updated August 12, 2026', re-loaded 2026-08-18). The AFM register row passports 'Outgoing to' 29 EEA states — a strict superset of the served footprint. No US, UK, or rest-of-world service exists or is implied.

Coinbase

Coinbase — Provider states: True market map, not just a sanctions rep: service is carved per legal entity and market. The MiCA migration table names EEA countries with effective dates ('Hungary, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Malta — 18 August 2025; Italy, Netherlands — 15 September 2025; Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden — 22 September 2025; France, Lithuania, Slovakia — 6 October 2025', help.coinbase.com/en/coinbase/other-topics/other/mica-cblu). US coverage is state-by-state with express negative carve-outs ('the money transmission license issued to Coinbase, Inc. by the Louisiana Office of Financial Institutions does not cover the exchange or transmission of virtual currency'; same for Virginia — coinbase.com/legal/licenses, re-loaded 2026-08-18). US User Agreement eligibility is explicitly territorial: 'To be eligible to use the Coinbase Services, you must be at least 18 years old, and reside in the United States.' (§1.1, coinbase.com/legal/user_agreement/united_states). India operations evidenced by 'Scheduled Bank Maintenance - India (INR)... INR deposits and withdrawals via bank transfer may be delayed' (status.coinbase.com, Aug 8, 2026). No single canonical supported-countries page could be loaded (coinbase.com/places redirected to the localized homepage). The standard OFAC/sanctions eligibility representation also exists in the user agreements but is an everywhere-rule, not a regional footprint, and was not treated as one.

Bybit

Bybit — Provider states: MARKET RESTRICTION (venue's own list, distinct from the sanctions boilerplate): 'Bybit does not offer services or products to Users in a few excluded jurisdictions including the United States, the Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong, Singapore, Canada, North Korea, Cuba, Iran, Uzbekistan, Russian-controlled regions of Ukraine (currently including the Crimea, Donetsk, Rostov, and Luhansk regions), Sevastopol, Sudan, Syria, and in the case of Bybit Virtual Asset Platform Operator LLC only Dubai' (Service Restricted Countries, last updated 2026-08-06). SEPARATELY, the standard sanctions representation — an eligibility rule, not a footprint: 'We also do not offer services to persons or entities in the U.S. Treasury Department's List of Specially Designated Nationals or Blocked Persons, the EU's Consolidated Financial Sanctions List or the UK Sanctions List'. The UK is NOT on the excluded list; EEA users are served by Bybit EU GmbH (bybit.eu). 'global' deliberately not claimed: US, Canada, mainland China, Hong Kong and Singapore are excluded by the venue itself.

OKX

OKX — Provider states: Genuine market restrictions, from OKX's own Risk & Compliance Disclosure (loaded 2026-08-18) — restricted locations with complete prohibition: 'Afghanistan, Canada, Cuba, Hong Kong, Iran, India, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, North Korea, Syria, the Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine, certain jurisdictions within the United States of America including all U.S. territories' [https://www.okx.com/help/risk-compliance-disclosure]; partial restrictions in Australia (derivatives/CeFi), Brazil (derivatives/P2P), South Korea, Russia (fiat rails) and the UK ('the United Kingdom (specifically regarding our derivatives-related, cefi-related, and P2P services)'). Separately, in OKX's own words: 'OKX INC. does not provide services to residents of the following states and territories at this time: New York, Texas, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.' (okx.com/en-us/help/us-licenses); the EEA is served only by the Malta MiCA entity ('for Users who are residents of one of our approved operating locations within the European Economic Area'); 'UK customers are provided with services by Aux Cayes FinTech Co. Ltd., a company registered in Seychelles'. These are market restrictions — distinct from the standard sanctions eligibility screening the same disclosure describes ('United States Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) Sanctions Lists, and the United Nation Security Council Sanctions List'), which applies everywhere and is NOT a regional footprint. Canada's exclusion is now primary-source-verified (it sits in the complete-prohibition list). 'asia' is kept in supportedRegions because Singapore, Vietnam and others are served, but Hong Kong, India, Japan and Malaysia are explicitly prohibited.