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Evidence process

How evidence is read, checked and read again

Scores and facts on this site are read from providers' own pages and other primary sources. This page says who does the reading, how a reading is challenged before it is used, how often it is read again, and what the committed records show those checks caught, with the share of categories the records cover.

AI-use policy · approved 2026-09-15
Models research, extract and parse. A deterministic engine ranks. Every quote passes an adversarial refute pass.
  • Research, extraction, parsing. Language models read the sources, copy quotes character for character with the address and the day they were read, and propose a value or a score on the category's published band ladder.
  • Ranking. The order is computed by the engine from the published criteria, weights and scores. The build rebuilds every published score from rankings.json alone and fails when one does not match.
  • Refute pass. The last sentence of the policy is the rule for every quote. The records below show how much of the catalog can be checked against it today: 120 of 121 categories.
The protocol
  1. Research pass. A model reads primary sources: the provider's own pages, documents and contracts, and public onchain or market data. Each quote is recorded word for word with its address and read date, and each score is placed on the category's band ladder. The result is a draft. Nothing is published from a draft.
  2. Adversarial refute pass. A separate run starts from the assumption that each quote and score is wrong. It fetches the page again, checks that the quote is there word for word, checks that the quote supports the value, and checks the score against the band ladder, not only against the address. A value that cannot be refuted stands; otherwise it is corrected or marked as not verifiable.
  3. Second verify pass. Research that has passed is verified a second time before it is relied on. The files keep the draft and the final verified result, not each pass separately, so the counts below compare the draft with the final result.
  4. Re-read on a cadence. The published cadence is to read every category's evidence again within 45 days. The oldest read date among a category's rows decides. A category counts as overdue 7 days after that, and the build fails when any category is overdue. A re-read runs the refute pass again against the current page.
  5. Who approves. Methodology versions are approved by Mathias Siemonsmeier, who is named on each entry in the methodology changelog. No external reviewer signs a category today.
Calendar as of2026-11-03Cadence45 days + 7 graceSource/data/review-calendar.json
Re-read calendar
121CategoriesEvery category with a published review cadence.
120DatedCategories whose rows carry a read date the cadence can be measured from.
13OverduePast the due date: oldest read, plus the cadence, plus the grace.
25Due soonCategories whose due date falls within the next 7 days.
37 daysMedian evidence ageHalf of the 1005 dated placements were read within 37 days of 2026-11-04.

Overdue: DAO Governance Tools (oldest read 2026-08-06, due 2026-09-27), Market-Data APIs (oldest read 2026-08-06, due 2026-09-27), NFT Lending (oldest read 2026-08-06, due 2026-09-27), Token Screeners (oldest read 2026-08-06, due 2026-09-27), Seed Phrase Backup (oldest read 2026-08-06, due 2026-09-27), Shared Sequencers (oldest read 2026-08-06, due 2026-09-27), Tokenised Commodities (oldest read 2026-08-06, due 2026-09-27), Wrapped Assets (oldest read 2026-08-06, due 2026-09-27), Sentiment Analytics (oldest read 2026-08-07, due 2026-09-28), Relayers (oldest read 2026-08-11, due 2026-10-02), Incentive Distribution (oldest read 2026-08-17, due 2026-10-08), Wallets (oldest read 2026-08-17, due 2026-10-08), Exchanges (oldest read 2026-08-18, due 2026-10-09). Carrying no read date, so the cadence cannot be measured: Payment Gateways. Next due: 2026-11-04, 1 category.

Evidence age on 2026-11-04 (the day this page was built), over every placement with a read date: median 37 days, upper decile from 51 days, oldest 90 days; 803 of 1005 within their category's 45-day cadence. 13 placements carry no read date and are counted apart, never as new. The build archives the same figures daily as of its own day (evidenceAge in /data/kpi-snapshot.json), so the trend is public.

What the refute pass changed · draft against verified
27Research payloadsCategories whose draft and verified file are both committed.
740Scores comparedCriterion scores present for the same provider in both files.
75Scores changed75 of 740 (10.1%): 41 raised, 34 lowered by the verify pass.
21Rows not carriedDraft rows, of 208, whose id is missing from the verified file: removed or renamed; the files do not say which.

A caught error here is a criterion score the verify pass changed. Evidence text and pricing text are not counted: the verify pass rewrites them to record its own fetch, so a changed sentence is not by itself a caught error. Not counted: travel_rule_compliance-draft.json (no verified file beside it).

By category (27)
Caught errors by category
CategoryScores changedRaisedLoweredRows not carried
Account Abstraction Infra1 of 28 (3.6%)011 of 8
Appchains / L3s1 of 36 (2.8%)100 of 9
Onchain Attestations1 of 20 (5.0%)102 of 7
Tokenised Carbon Credits3 of 32 (9.4%)210 of 8
Cross-Chain Messaging0 of 20 (0.0%)002 of 7
Flash Loan Venues0 of 24 (0.0%)000 of 8
Crypto Gift Cards2 of 28 (7.1%)200 of 7
DAO Governance Tools4 of 32 (12.5%)310 of 8
Intent Networks0 of 16 (0.0%)003 of 7
Token Launchpads1 of 36 (2.8%)100 of 9
Liquidity Management8 of 32 (25.0%)530 of 8
Money-Market Funds0 of 12 (0.0%)005 of 8
Options Vaults4 of 32 (12.5%)310 of 8
OTC Desks1 of 36 (2.8%)100 of 9
P2P Exchanges3 of 32 (9.4%)210 of 8
Private Credit0 of 24 (0.0%)001 of 7
Proof of Personhood3 of 16 (18.8%)214 of 8
Token Screeners1 of 28 (3.6%)010 of 7
Seed Phrase Backup2 of 28 (7.1%)202 of 9
Sentiment Analytics4 of 32 (12.5%)220 of 8
Shared Sequencers2 of 24 (8.3%)110 of 6
Sidechains0 of 24 (0.0%)001 of 7
Stablecoin Issuance Platforms6 of 24 (25.0%)420 of 6
Structured Products4 of 28 (14.3%)040 of 7
Token Launch Platforms17 of 36 (47.2%)3140 of 9
Tokenised Commodities2 of 28 (7.1%)110 of 7
Wrapped Assets5 of 32 (15.6%)500 of 8
What re-reads found · 2026-09-13 to 2026-11-03
10630Fields re-readIn 158 files covering 120 categories.
7095Confirmed7095 of 10630 (66.7%): the source still says what the record says.
3172Corrected3172 of 10630 (29.8%): the record did not match its source and was changed.
363Not verifiable363 of 10630 (3.4%): no source could be found that supports the value.

A correction can be a reading error or a change on the provider's side since the last read. The files do not say which, so neither is claimed. 1 file also records whether the research pass's quote was found word for word when the page was fetched again: it was not in 10 of 317 (3.2%) fields, counting fields where the research pass gave no quote.

Corrections by category
FieldRe-readCorrectedNot verifiable
Criterion scores5008877 of 5008 (17.5%)198 of 5008 (4.0%)
Pricing29391568 of 2939 (53.4%)46 of 2939 (1.6%)
Availability by country1257549 of 1257 (43.7%)82 of 1257 (6.5%)
Other facts1426178 of 1426 (12.5%)37 of 1426 (2.6%)
By re-read file (158)
Corrections by re-read file
Read onCategoriesCorrectedNot verifiable
2026-09-13DEXs, DEX Aggregators, Perp DEXs67 of 317 (21.1%)6 of 317 (1.9%)
2026-09-14Block Explorers23 of 69 (33.3%)11 of 69 (15.9%)
2026-09-14Bug Bounty Platforms35 of 77 (45.5%)9 of 77 (11.7%)
2026-09-14Cross-Chain Swaps29 of 63 (46.0%)1 of 63 (1.6%)
2026-09-14Crypto Neobanks22 of 59 (37.3%)5 of 59 (8.5%)
2026-09-14Crypto Payroll21 of 65 (32.3%)5 of 65 (7.7%)
2026-09-14Decentralised Storage14 of 63 (22.2%)0 of 63 (0.0%)
2026-09-14DeFi Dashboards32 of 72 (44.4%)0 of 72 (0.0%)
2026-09-14DeFi Insurance23 of 67 (34.3%)2 of 67 (3.0%)
2026-09-14Blockchain Indexers23 of 80 (28.7%)0 of 80 (0.0%)
2026-09-14MEV Protection28 of 72 (38.9%)0 of 72 (0.0%)
2026-09-14Naming Services34 of 70 (48.6%)0 of 70 (0.0%)
2026-09-14NFT Marketplaces18 of 70 (25.7%)20 of 70 (28.6%)
2026-09-14Crypto Offramps35 of 70 (50.0%)5 of 70 (7.1%)
2026-09-14Onchain Analytics34 of 83 (41.0%)1 of 83 (1.2%)
2026-09-14Onchain Monitoring39 of 70 (55.7%)0 of 70 (0.0%)
2026-09-14Oracles26 of 76 (34.2%)6 of 76 (7.9%)
2026-09-14Prediction Markets23 of 77 (29.9%)0 of 77 (0.0%)
2026-09-14RPC & Node Services23 of 81 (28.4%)0 of 81 (0.0%)
2026-09-14Simple Buy22 of 108 (20.4%)0 of 108 (0.0%)
2026-09-14Smart Accounts & Multisig35 of 89 (39.3%)0 of 89 (0.0%)
2026-09-14Smart-Contract Audits34 of 91 (37.4%)18 of 91 (19.8%)
2026-09-14Stablecoin Yield25 of 64 (39.1%)1 of 64 (1.6%)
2026-09-14Tokenised Funds15 of 53 (28.3%)2 of 53 (3.8%)
2026-09-14Tokenised Real Estate19 of 67 (28.4%)19 of 67 (28.4%)
2026-09-14Tokenised T-Bills25 of 78 (32.1%)5 of 78 (6.4%)
2026-09-14Trading Bots17 of 75 (22.7%)3 of 75 (4.0%)
2026-09-14Transaction Simulation31 of 81 (38.3%)0 of 81 (0.0%)
2026-09-14Wallet Screening18 of 81 (22.2%)9 of 81 (11.1%)
2026-09-14Yield Vaults29 of 63 (46.0%)0 of 63 (0.0%)
2026-09-15CDP Stablecoins32 of 71 (45.1%)0 of 71 (0.0%)
2026-09-15Data Availability Layers21 of 70 (30.0%)0 of 70 (0.0%)
2026-09-15Decentralised Compute38 of 77 (49.4%)0 of 77 (0.0%)
2026-09-15Decentralised Identity31 of 80 (38.8%)0 of 80 (0.0%)
2026-09-15DePIN Networks36 of 74 (48.6%)0 of 74 (0.0%)
2026-09-15KYC & Compliance16 of 42 (38.1%)2 of 42 (4.8%)
2026-09-15Layer-1 Blockchains34 of 88 (38.6%)0 of 88 (0.0%)
2026-09-15MPC & Embedded Wallets33 of 68 (48.5%)0 of 68 (0.0%)
2026-09-15Privacy Tools28 of 72 (38.9%)0 of 72 (0.0%)
2026-09-15Token Approval & Revoke Tools23 of 63 (36.5%)3 of 63 (4.8%)
2026-09-15Yield Aggregators36 of 73 (49.3%)0 of 73 (0.0%)
2026-09-24Crypto Gift Cards16 of 62 (25.8%)0 of 62 (0.0%)
2026-09-24DAO Governance Tools7 of 60 (11.7%)5 of 60 (8.3%)
2026-09-24NFT Lending14 of 42 (33.3%)4 of 42 (9.5%)
2026-09-24OTC Desks13 of 56 (23.2%)0 of 56 (0.0%)
2026-09-24P2P Exchanges21 of 68 (30.9%)2 of 68 (2.9%)
2026-09-24Shared Sequencers16 of 36 (44.4%)5 of 36 (13.9%)
2026-09-24Wrapped Assets11 of 53 (20.8%)4 of 53 (7.5%)
2026-09-25Rollup-as-a-Service21 of 57 (36.8%)0 of 57 (0.0%)
2026-09-25Token Screeners19 of 42 (45.2%)2 of 42 (4.8%)
2026-09-27Account Abstraction Infra18 of 48 (37.5%)0 of 48 (0.0%)
2026-09-27Onchain Attestations12 of 42 (28.6%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-09-27Flash Loan Venues16 of 48 (33.3%)0 of 48 (0.0%)
2026-09-27Token Launchpads31 of 66 (47.0%)0 of 66 (0.0%)
2026-09-27Market-Data APIs17 of 48 (35.4%)1 of 48 (2.1%)
2026-09-27Money-Market Funds11 of 48 (22.9%)0 of 48 (0.0%)
2026-09-27Options Vaults27 of 58 (46.6%)0 of 58 (0.0%)
2026-09-27Private Credit15 of 46 (32.6%)1 of 46 (2.2%)
2026-09-27Seed Phrase Backup15 of 53 (28.3%)5 of 53 (9.4%)
2026-09-27Sentiment Analytics6 of 48 (12.5%)1 of 48 (2.1%)
2026-09-27Tokenised Commodities17 of 50 (34.0%)2 of 50 (4.0%)
2026-09-28Appchains / L3s23 of 55 (41.8%)0 of 55 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Automation & Keepers9 of 42 (21.4%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Crypto Bill Pay12 of 45 (26.7%)5 of 45 (11.1%)
2026-09-28Fiat Rails & Banking for Crypto Businesses16 of 49 (32.7%)0 of 49 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Tokenised Carbon Credits22 of 48 (45.8%)0 of 48 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Creator Mint Platforms18 of 57 (31.6%)0 of 57 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Cross-Chain Messaging11 of 42 (26.2%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Crypto Cards14 of 56 (25.0%)0 of 56 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Dev Frameworks10 of 42 (23.8%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Fixed-Rate Yield23 of 47 (48.9%)0 of 47 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Incentive Distribution13 of 55 (23.6%)4 of 55 (7.3%)
2026-09-28Institutional Execution Platforms9 of 38 (23.7%)0 of 38 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Intent Networks10 of 42 (23.8%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Key Recovery & Inheritance17 of 57 (29.8%)2 of 57 (3.5%)
2026-09-28Lending & Borrowing11 of 49 (22.4%)0 of 49 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Liquid Lockers7 of 30 (23.3%)0 of 30 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Liquidity Management13 of 48 (27.1%)0 of 48 (0.0%)
2026-09-28NFT Analytics9 of 36 (25.0%)0 of 36 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Onramps37 of 112 (33.0%)0 of 112 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Perp House Vaults23 of 60 (38.3%)0 of 60 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Proof of Personhood12 of 48 (25.0%)0 of 48 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Relayers9 of 42 (21.4%)6 of 42 (14.3%)
2026-09-28Crypto Remittances9 of 42 (21.4%)6 of 42 (14.3%)
2026-09-28Restaking9 of 43 (20.9%)0 of 43 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Sidechains18 of 42 (42.9%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-09-28SocialFi8 of 48 (16.7%)0 of 48 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Stablecoin Settlement8 of 42 (19.0%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Staking5 of 42 (11.9%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Structured Products16 of 44 (36.4%)0 of 44 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Crypto Subscriptions13 of 54 (24.1%)0 of 54 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Cross-Chain Token Standards12 of 48 (25.0%)0 of 48 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Trading Tools13 of 42 (31.0%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-09-28Wallets12 of 66 (18.2%)3 of 66 (4.5%)
2026-09-29Crypto-Backed Loans21 of 36 (58.3%)0 of 36 (0.0%)
2026-09-29Exchanges27 of 141 (19.1%)5 of 141 (3.5%)
2026-09-29Institutional Custody16 of 60 (26.7%)0 of 60 (0.0%)
2026-09-29Bitcoin Mining Pools17 of 51 (33.3%)0 of 51 (0.0%)
2026-09-29Paid Crypto Research Seats12 of 42 (28.6%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-09-29Portfolio Tracking18 of 45 (40.0%)0 of 45 (0.0%)
2026-09-29Stablecoins20 of 71 (28.2%)0 of 71 (0.0%)
2026-09-29Tax Software16 of 66 (24.2%)0 of 66 (0.0%)
2026-09-29Tokenised Bonds9 of 48 (18.8%)0 of 48 (0.0%)
2026-09-29Tokenised Equities10 of 48 (20.8%)0 of 48 (0.0%)
2026-09-30Bridges49 of 114 (43.0%)12 of 114 (10.5%)
2026-09-30Enterprise Crypto Accounting10 of 42 (23.8%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-09-30Hardware Wallets42 of 158 (26.6%)11 of 158 (7.0%)
2026-09-30Lightning Payment Infrastructure21 of 78 (26.9%)0 of 78 (0.0%)
2026-09-30Lightning Wallets17 of 78 (21.8%)0 of 78 (0.0%)
2026-09-30Liquid Staking40 of 69 (58.0%)2 of 69 (2.9%)
2026-09-30Stablecoin Issuance Platforms7 of 36 (19.4%)0 of 36 (0.0%)
2026-09-30Token Launch Platforms12 of 56 (21.4%)0 of 56 (0.0%)
2026-09-30Tokenisation Platforms9 of 42 (21.4%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-09-30Travel Rule Compliance9 of 54 (16.7%)0 of 54 (0.0%)
2026-09-30Web3 Apps30 of 66 (45.5%)0 of 66 (0.0%)
2026-10-01Hardware Wallets221 of 463 (47.7%)0 of 463 (0.0%)
2026-10-01L2 Blockchains15 of 150 (10.0%)0 of 150 (0.0%)
2026-10-21Crypto Payroll18 of 53 (34.0%)0 of 53 (0.0%)
2026-10-21Decentralised Storage23 of 57 (40.4%)0 of 57 (0.0%)
2026-10-21MEV Protection22 of 62 (35.5%)0 of 62 (0.0%)
2026-10-21Crypto Offramps20 of 55 (36.4%)0 of 55 (0.0%)
2026-10-21Onchain Analytics24 of 57 (42.1%)0 of 57 (0.0%)
2026-10-21Onchain Monitoring15 of 49 (30.6%)0 of 49 (0.0%)
2026-10-21RPC & Node Services34 of 78 (43.6%)0 of 78 (0.0%)
2026-10-21Tokenised Funds17 of 56 (30.4%)0 of 56 (0.0%)
2026-10-21Tokenised Real Estate16 of 44 (36.4%)0 of 44 (0.0%)
2026-10-22CDP Stablecoins23 of 55 (41.8%)0 of 55 (0.0%)
2026-10-22Data Availability Layers16 of 49 (32.7%)0 of 49 (0.0%)
2026-10-22Decentralised Identity19 of 58 (32.8%)0 of 58 (0.0%)
2026-10-22MPC & Embedded Wallets22 of 56 (39.3%)0 of 56 (0.0%)
2026-10-22Transaction Simulation23 of 69 (33.3%)0 of 69 (0.0%)
2026-10-28Crypto Bill Pay2 of 45 (4.4%)0 of 45 (0.0%)
2026-10-28DEXs14 of 132 (10.6%)3 of 132 (2.3%)
2026-10-28DEX Aggregators10 of 125 (8.0%)11 of 125 (8.8%)
2026-10-28Exchanges0 of 42 (0.0%)5 of 42 (11.9%)
2026-10-28DAO Governance Tools10 of 60 (16.7%)5 of 60 (8.3%)
2026-10-28Incentive Distribution3 of 55 (5.5%)4 of 55 (7.3%)
2026-10-28Key Recovery & Inheritance3 of 57 (5.3%)0 of 57 (0.0%)
2026-10-28Market-Data APIs8 of 48 (16.7%)10 of 48 (20.8%)
2026-10-28NFT Lending7 of 42 (16.7%)12 of 42 (28.6%)
2026-10-28Perp DEXs24 of 149 (16.1%)2 of 149 (1.3%)
2026-10-28Relayers0 of 42 (0.0%)6 of 42 (14.3%)
2026-10-28Crypto Remittances5 of 42 (11.9%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-10-28Retail Staking1 of 42 (2.4%)0 of 42 (0.0%)
2026-10-28Crypto Savings Plans2 of 35 (5.7%)0 of 35 (0.0%)
2026-10-28Token Screeners7 of 42 (16.7%)2 of 42 (4.8%)
2026-10-28Seed Phrase Backup2 of 53 (3.8%)25 of 53 (47.2%)
2026-10-28Sentiment Analytics0 of 48 (0.0%)1 of 48 (2.1%)
2026-10-28Shared Sequencers7 of 36 (19.4%)5 of 36 (13.9%)
2026-10-28Simple Buy5 of 78 (6.4%)23 of 78 (29.5%)
2026-10-28Tokenised Commodities7 of 50 (14.0%)10 of 50 (20.0%)
2026-10-28Wallets10 of 48 (20.8%)3 of 48 (6.3%)
2026-10-28Wrapped Assets1 of 53 (1.9%)5 of 53 (9.4%)
2026-11-03DEXs38 of 156 (24.4%)9 of 156 (5.8%)
2026-11-03DEX Aggregators48 of 162 (29.6%)0 of 162 (0.0%)
2026-11-03Perp DEXs47 of 182 (25.8%)1 of 182 (0.5%)
2026-11-03Wallet Screening32 of 67 (47.8%)0 of 67 (0.0%)
2026-11-03Yield Vaults18 of 54 (33.3%)0 of 54 (0.0%)
Coverage · what these counts describe

120 of 121 categories have a committed draft and verified file (27) or a committed re-read (120). Every rate on this page describes those files only. It is not an estimate for the other 1, which have neither file committed; their counts are published when their re-read lands.

Categories with neither file (1)

Payment Gateways

Extraordinary review · approved 2026-09-15

Some events cannot wait for the calendar. Any one of these opens an extraordinary review of the affected placements:

  • Regulator enforcement. A published enforcement action by a regulator that names the provider.
  • Withdrawal halt. Customer withdrawals halted for more than 24 hours.
  • Exploit. A loss from an exploit of more than $1M, or of more than 5% of the protocol’s total value locked.
  • Missed proof of reserves. A proof-of-reserves period the provider publishes passes without its attestation.
  • The checks that look for these events are a watcher that reads regulator feeds and DefiLlama’s hacks list every 6 hours while its scheduler runs, and the incident census, which every build holds against the hacks list as read at least once a quarter and which fails the build when an exploit on a ranked placement has no review. A person confirms each event against its source before a review opens, and it is logged below with the page that reported it.
  • The affected placements are re-read against their sources within 72 hours.
  • Until the re-read is done, the review is listed on this page with its label, the time it was opened and the time the re-read is due.
  • The label never changes a score or a position. If the re-read changes evidence, the change is published in the data changelog like any other, and an order that moves is recomputed from the new evidence by the same engine.
  • near_intents in Intent Networks: re-read on 2026-10-20. All nine quoted passages behind its four published criteria still read word for word on its documentation on 2026-10-20, so no score moves. None of the four criteria reads contract or bridge security, so the $3.8M loss on 1 October falls outside what intents ranks; the post-failure note on /methodology/calibration says so. Opened 2026-10-20T16:55:00Z, due 2026-10-23T16:55:00.000Z. Report · Its rank that day
  • ledger in Hardware Wallets: re-read on 2026-10-20. Re-read refute-by-default, because Ledger is ChainChoice’s only live affiliate partner: no published criterion’s evidence changes. Ledger says the implant sits inside the enclosure, reads the 24 words off the screen at setup and does not modify the secure element, firmware or signing, and independent teardowns (Tibane Labs, Mark Karpelès) describe it reading the display, not the chip, so the losses ($93M on DefiLlama’s hacks list, a total Ledger has not verified) are not a device-level fund loss on the ladder, and Genuine Check is not bypassed: Ledger documents it to reject counterfeits and says it ‘cannot detect unauthorized physical modifications to the hardware, such as spying implants’. Where the units were opened is not established; they were sold through CryptoBilis, a reseller on Ledger’s own official-reseller list whose sales are now paused, and no report names the Nano S Plus. Opened 2026-10-20T16:55:00Z, due 2026-10-23T16:55:00.000Z. Report · Its rank that day
  • ledger-nano-x in Hardware Wallets: re-read on 2026-10-20. Re-read refute-by-default, because Ledger is ChainChoice’s only live affiliate partner: no published criterion’s evidence changes. Ledger says the implant sits inside the enclosure, reads the 24 words off the screen at setup and does not modify the secure element, firmware or signing, and independent teardowns (Tibane Labs, Mark Karpelès) describe it reading the display, not the chip, so the losses ($93M on DefiLlama’s hacks list, a total Ledger has not verified) are not a device-level fund loss on the ladder, and Genuine Check is not bypassed: Ledger documents it to reject counterfeits and says it ‘cannot detect unauthorized physical modifications to the hardware, such as spying implants’. Where the units were opened is not established; they were sold through CryptoBilis, a reseller on Ledger’s own official-reseller list whose sales are now paused, and Tibane Labs found a similar implant in Nano X units bought through Japanese resale channels, with no loss linked to them. Opened 2026-10-20T16:55:00Z, due 2026-10-23T16:55:00.000Z. Report · Its rank that day
Related records
Add one category's next review to your calendar (120)