Keycard scores 4 points above Ledger, led by rebuildable firmware, maker independence, and fund-loss record. Ledger ranks #12 and Keycard #10 of 23 published hardware wallets. Every term of the gap is on the ledger below; the inputs are on the audit receipt.
Ledger63
vs
Keycard67
Scores are out of 100; published scores fall within 41–99 · ranks #12 and #10 of 23
Keycard scores 4 points above Ledger, led by rebuildable firmware, maker independence, and fund-loss record.
Ledger #12 of 2363
Keycard #10 of 2367
Scores are out of 100; published scores fall within 41–99; a bar is empty at 41 and full at 99.
Why, term by termKeycard leads on 3 of 6 published criteria; Ledger on 0. The terms sum to the gap.
TermKeycardLedgerWeightPoints
Rebuildable firmware5/104/106.5+1.7for Keycard+0.9 of 32
Maker independence8/106/102.6+1.4for Keycard+0.7 of 32
Fund-loss record10/108/102.6+1.4for Keycard+0.7 of 32
Net of the terms+4.4
Reproduced gap+4.4
Published gapAfter score rounding and bounds — see the note below6763+4.0
Weight is in points of the 86-point weighted total. Points are score points of the gap between the two.
KeycardScore 67An EAL6+ certified card with an open applet, €29 — no screen, signed from a phone over NFCStrength: Secure element you can look up — 10/10Watch-out: No screen: you approve what the phone or computer shows, so a compromised host can mislead youLedgerScore 63Certified chip you can look up, closed operating system — $69, USB-C onlyStrength: Secure element you can look up — 10/10Watch-out: Installing or updating a signing app needs Ledger's live HSM servers (developer sideloading of an app you compile yourself aside), so a new or reset Nano S Plus cannot be readied to sign the normal way without the maker
Quick facts
At a glance
4 of 5 rows read the same for both.
FactLedgerKeycard
One-time priceSnapshotLedger Nano S Plus: the Offer on https://shop.ledger.com/products/ledger-nano-s-plus reads "price":"69","priceCurrency":"USD", read 1 October 2026. The same page shows a visitor in Germany "€59" (read 28 October 2026).Keycard at €29.00 including VAT on https://keycard.tech/products/keycard, read 1 October 2026; the store prices in euros only and publishes no US dollar list price.
Asset coverageEditorial——
Region fitSnapshotus, europe, globalus, europe, global
Custody modelEditorialSelf-custody: the keys stay on the deviceSelf-custody: the keys stay on the device
Security postureSnapshotSecure element, EAL6+ certified; partly open source; no air-gapped signing.Secure element, EAL6+ certified; partly open source; no air-gapped signing.
From the published criteria
Which should you pick?
Ledger
63#12 of 23
Pick it when
Ledger leads Keycard on no published criterion and no score dimension — pick it only if a fact outside the score (country, funding rail, custody) decides for you.
Strength
Secure element you can look up — 10/10
Tradeoff
Installing or updating a signing app needs Ledger's live HSM servers (developer sideloading of an app you compile yourself aside), so a new or reset Nano S Plus cannot be readied to sign the normal way without the maker
Keycard
67#10 of 23
Leads
Pick it when
Pick Keycard if rebuildable firmware matters most — it scores 5/10 to Ledger's 4/10 there (weight 27).
Strength
Secure element you can look up — 10/10
Tradeoff
No screen: you approve what the phone or computer shows, so a compromised host can mislead you
Self-identify in 10 seconds
Which one is actually for you?
Ledger
Ledger leads Keycard on no published criterion
Choose it only if something outside the published criteria decides for you — your country, a funding rail, or custody.
LedgerScore 63Certified chip you can look up, closed operating system — $69, USB-C onlyStrength: Secure element you can look up — 10/10Watch-out: Installing or updating a signing app needs Ledger's live HSM servers (developer sideloading of an app you compile yourself aside), so a new or reset Nano S Plus cannot be readied to sign the normal way without the maker
KeycardLeads
Choose Keycard if rebuildable firmware matters most
Rebuildable firmware: 5/10 against 4/10 for Ledger (weight 27)
Maker independence: 8/10 against 6/10 for Ledger (weight 11)
Fund-loss record: 10/10 against 8/10 for Ledger (weight 11)
KeycardScore 67An EAL6+ certified card with an open applet, €29 — no screen, signed from a phone over NFCStrength: Secure element you can look up — 10/10Watch-out: No screen: you approve what the phone or computer shows, so a compromised host can mislead you
Criterion by criterion
Scorecard
Published criteria · weight in points of 8612 of 12 cells scored. Strength is read from the evidence file; the weight is the published one. Methodology
Secure element
weight 6.5 of 86Tie
Ledger10/10 out of 10
Keycard10/10 out of 10
Rebuildable firmware
by 1 of 10weight 6.5 of 86Keycard leads
Ledger4/10 out of 10
Keycard5/10 out of 10
Genuine check
weight 2.9 of 86Tie
Ledger7/10 out of 10
Keycard7/10 out of 10
Checkable keys
weight 2.9 of 86Tie
Ledger0/10 out of 10
Keycard0/10 out of 10
Maker independence
by 2 of 10weight 2.6 of 86Keycard leads
Ledger6/10 out of 10
Keycard8/10 out of 10
Fund-loss record
by 2 of 10weight 2.6 of 86Keycard leads
Ledger8/10 out of 10
Keycard10/10 out of 10
Score dimensions
weights sum to 86
The published score is five dimensions, each weighted for the category. "Published criteria" is the criteria block above; the other four are the engine's own terms — availability, friction, trust record, measured data. Each bar is one side's points out of that dimension's maximum; the weight beside the name is its points of the 86-point weighted total. The published criteria above can fill 24 of the block’s 30. A weight marked “constant here” belongs to a dimension every ranked product in the category holds at the same value: it still counts in the total, and it orders nothing here.
Availabilityweight 20 of 86 · constant here
Ledger14/20Keycard14/20
Tie
Published criteriaweight 30 of 86
Ledger14.8/30Keycard16.5/30
Keycard leads
Frictionweight 10 of 86 · constant here
Ledger2.7/10Keycard2.7/10
Tie
Trust recordweight 8 of 86 · constant here
Ledger3.2/8Keycard3.2/8
Tie
Measured dataweight 18 of 86 · constant here
Ledger5.5/18Keycard5.5/18
Tie
Decision rulePublished order
Choose Keycard unless the term Ledger leads on is the one you are buying.
Ledger leads Keycard on no published criterion and no score dimension — pick it only if a fact outside the score (country, funding rail, custody) decides for you.
The published order weighs every criterion the same way for everyone. To weigh them your way, run .
From the published order
Next best action
If this isn't your case
Other matchups worth comparing
How you can lose money here, and what the ranking scores
Key failure: your own keys are made, shown or recovered unsafely.
Scored by Secure element you can look up · 27% (Ledger 10/10, Keycard 10/10)
Scored by Firmware anyone can rebuild and match · 27% (Ledger 4/10, Keycard 5/10)
Scored by Proof the device is genuine and unmodified · 12% (Ledger 7/10, Keycard 7/10)
Scored by Key creation and signing you can check · 12% (Ledger 0/10, Keycard 0/10)
Scored by Sign and recover without the maker · 11% (Ledger 6/10, Keycard 8/10)
Scored by Years in buyers' hands without a device-level fund loss · 11% (Ledger 8/10, Keycard 10/10)
Every failure family that applies to this category is scored, except Information failure, which the provider pages show as a fact.
Questions
Frequently asked questions
Keycard scores 4 points above Ledger, led by rebuildable firmware, maker independence, and fund-loss record. Published scores, out of 100: Ledger 63 (rank 12 of 23 hardware wallets), Keycard 67 (rank 10 of 23).
Reviewed means both products compared here was read against its sources on or after that date; every ranked category is re-read at least every 45 days. Models research, extract and parse. A deterministic engine ranks. Every quote passes an adversarial refute pass.
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