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Head-to-head · Hardware Wallets

Keystone vs Foundation Passport Keystone leads by 2 points.

Keystone scores 2 points above Foundation Passport, led by maker independence and fund-loss record. Keystone ranks #5 and Foundation Passport #9 of 23 published hardware wallets. Every term of the gap is on the ledger below; the inputs are on the audit receipt.

Keystone70
Foundation Passport68
Scores are out of 100; published scores fall within 41–99 · ranks #5 and #9 of 23
Methodology v2026.10.18Ranking snapshot Evidence verified through 6 published criteria5 score dimensions Receipt #cc-VS-KEYSTONE-VS-FOUNDATION-PASSPORT-5deab21e
Published verdictRanking snapshot 3 November 2026

Keystone leads by 2 points

Keystone scores 2 points above Foundation Passport, led by maker independence and fund-loss record.

Keystone #5 of 2370
Foundation Passport #9 of 2368
Scores are out of 100; published scores fall within 41–99; a bar is empty at 41 and full at 99.
Why, term by termKeystone leads on 2 of 6 published criteria; Foundation Passport on 1. The terms sum to the gap.
TermKeystoneFoundation PassportWeightPoints
Genuine check5/107/102.9−1.5for Foundation Passport−0.8 of 32
Maker independence10/106/102.6+2.7for Keystone+1.4 of 32
Fund-loss record7/105/102.6+1.4for Keystone+0.7 of 32
Net of the terms+2.6
Reproduced gap+2.6
Published gapAfter score rounding and bounds — see the note below7068+2.0

Weight is in points of the 86-point weighted total. Points are score points of the gap between the two.

  • Keystone's lead rests on lighter criteria: Foundation Passport is ahead on genuine check, which carries more weight (12) than any criterion Keystone leads on (11).
Quick facts

At a glance

3 of 5 rows read the same for both.
FactKeystoneFoundation Passport
One-time priceSnapshotKeystone 3 Pro at $149.00 on https://shop.keyst.one/products/keystone-3-pro, read 1 October 2026.Foundation Passport Prime at $349 on the US store https://foundation.xyz/products/passport-prime?country=US, read 1 October 2026.
Asset coverageEditorial——
Region fitSnapshotus, europe, globalus, europe, global
Custody modelEditorialSelf-custody: the keys stay on the deviceSelf-custody: the keys stay on the device
Security postureSnapshotSecure element, no listed certificate; firmware open source; air-gapped signing.Secure element, no listed certificate; fully open source; air-gapped signing.
From the published criteria

Which should you pick?

Keystone

70#5 of 23
Leads
Pick it when
Pick Keystone if maker independence matters most — it scores 10/10 to Foundation Passport's 6/10 there (weight 11).
Strength
Firmware anyone can rebuild and match — 10/10
Tradeoff
None of its three secure-element parts (ATECC608B, DS28S60, MAX32520) holds a listed certificate

Foundation Passport

68#9 of 23
Pick it when
Pick Foundation Passport if genuine check matters most — it scores 7/10 to Keystone's 5/10 there (weight 12).
Strength
Firmware anyone can rebuild and match — 10/10
Tradeoff
First setup needs the Envoy app over Bluetooth and a check against Foundation's validation server
Self-identify in 10 seconds

Which one is actually for you?

KeystoneLeads

Choose Keystone if maker independence matters most

  • Maker independence: 10/10 against 6/10 for Foundation Passport (weight 11)
  • Fund-loss record: 7/10 against 5/10 for Foundation Passport (weight 11)
Foundation Passport

Choose Foundation Passport if genuine check matters most

  • Genuine check: 7/10 against 5/10 for Keystone (weight 12)
Criterion by criterion

Scorecard

Published criteria · weight in points of 8612 of 12 cells scored. Strength is read from the evidence file; the weight is the published one. Methodology

Secure element

weight 6.5 of 86Tie
Keystone5 out of 10
Foundation Passport5 out of 10

Rebuildable firmware

weight 6.5 of 86Tie
Keystone10 out of 10
Foundation Passport10 out of 10

Genuine check

by 2 of 10weight 2.9 of 86Foundation Passport leads
Keystone5 out of 10
Foundation Passport7 out of 10

Checkable keys

weight 2.9 of 86Tie
Keystone7 out of 10
Foundation Passport7 out of 10

Maker independence

by 4 of 10weight 2.6 of 86Keystone leads
Keystone10 out of 10
Foundation Passport6 out of 10

Fund-loss record

by 2 of 10weight 2.6 of 86Keystone leads
Keystone7 out of 10
Foundation Passport5 out of 10

Score dimensions

weights sum to 86

The published score is five dimensions, each weighted for the category. "Published criteria" is the criteria block above; the other four are the engine's own terms — availability, friction, trust record, measured data. Each bar is one side's points out of that dimension's maximum; the weight beside the name is its points of the 86-point weighted total. The published criteria above can fill 24 of the block’s 30. A weight marked “constant here” belongs to a dimension every ranked product in the category holds at the same value: it still counts in the total, and it orders nothing here.

Availabilityweight 20 of 86 · constant here
Keystone14/20Foundation Passport14/20
Tie
Published criteriaweight 30 of 86
Keystone17.7/30Foundation Passport16.7/30
Keystone leads
Frictionweight 10 of 86 · constant here
Keystone2.7/10Foundation Passport2.7/10
Tie
Trust recordweight 8 of 86 · constant here
Keystone3.2/8Foundation Passport3.2/8
Tie
Measured dataweight 18 of 86 · constant here
Keystone5.5/18Foundation Passport5.5/18
Tie
Decision rulePublished order

Choose Keystone unless the term Foundation Passport leads on is the one you are buying.

Pick Foundation Passport if genuine check matters most — it scores 7/10 to Keystone's 5/10 there (weight 12).

The published order weighs every criterion the same way for everyone. To weigh them your way, run .

From the published order

Next best action

If this isn't your case

Other matchups worth comparing

How you can lose money here, and what the ranking scores
  • Key failure: your own keys are made, shown or recovered unsafely.
    Scored by Secure element you can look up · 27% (Keystone 5/10, Foundation Passport 5/10)
    Scored by Firmware anyone can rebuild and match · 27% (Keystone 10/10, Foundation Passport 10/10)
    Scored by Proof the device is genuine and unmodified · 12% (Keystone 5/10, Foundation Passport 7/10)
    Scored by Key creation and signing you can check · 12% (Keystone 7/10, Foundation Passport 7/10)
    Scored by Sign and recover without the maker · 11% (Keystone 10/10, Foundation Passport 6/10)
    Scored by Years in buyers' hands without a device-level fund loss · 11% (Keystone 7/10, Foundation Passport 5/10)
Every failure family that applies to this category is scored, except Information failure, which the provider pages show as a fact.
Questions

Frequently asked questions

Keystone scores 2 points above Foundation Passport, led by maker independence and fund-loss record. Published scores, out of 100: Keystone 70 (rank 5 of 23 hardware wallets), Foundation Passport 68 (rank 9 of 23).

Related pages

Go deeper

Trust & process
Individual reviews
Other comparisons
Written and reviewed by Founder
Reviewed Next review by Methodology v2026.10.18
How this page is reviewed

Reviewed means both products compared here was read against its sources on or after that date; every ranked category is re-read at least every 45 days. Models research, extract and parse. A deterministic engine ranks. Every quote passes an adversarial refute pass.

Accountable for this review: Mathias Siemonsmeier, Founder.

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