{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"ChainChoice (https://chainchoice.io)","category":"sidechains","evidenceReadAt":"2026-09-28","generatedAt":"2026-11-12","criteria":[{"id":"bridge_custody_control","label":"Bridge custody control","weight":35},{"id":"validator_set_concentration","label":"Validator set concentration","weight":25},{"id":"failure_and_halt_record","label":"Documented failure and halt record","weight":25},{"id":"finality_and_reorg_behaviour","label":"Finality and reorg behaviour","weight":15}],"providers":{"polygon_pos":{"bridge_custody_control":{"s":3,"q":"eth_call at Ethereum block 26074822 (2026-09-28): RootChainManagerProxy 0xA0c68C638235ee32657e8f720a23ceC1bFc77C77 proxyOwner() = 0xCaf0aa768A3AE1297DF20072419Db8Bb8b5C8cEf and implementation() = 0xF0235dCa8fb0D3999685724dCBB9DD00c5d62DFa; ERC20PredicateProxy…","u":"https://etherscan.io/address/0xCaf0aa768A3AE1297DF20072419Db8Bb8b5C8cEf","d":"2026-09-28"},"validator_set_concentration":{"s":4,"q":"eth_call StakeManagerProxy 0x5e3Ef299fDDf15eAa0432E6e66473ace8c13D908 at Ethereum block 26074824 (2026-09-28): currentValidatorSetSize() = 104; validatorThreshold() = 105; NFTCounter() = 210; currentEpoch() = 112696; validators(1..209) by multicall: 138 IDs with status 1, of which 104 have…","u":"https://docs.polygon.technology/pos/get-started/becoming-a-validator.md","d":"2026-09-28"},"failure_and_halt_record":{"s":4,"q":"Neither was observed causing disruption on mainnet — they were addressed proactively ahead of any exploitation. | if you haven’t upgraded past the activation heights below, your node has already forked off canonical and needs to catch up.","u":"https://forum.polygon.technology/t/security-releases-review-bor-v2-10-0-austin-hf-and-heimdall-v0-11-0-kyoto-hf/22138","d":"2026-09-28"},"finality_and_reorg_behaviour":{"s":7,"q":"Handles milestones: fast deterministic finality within 2 to 5 seconds, using vote extensions.","u":"https://docs.polygon.technology/pos/architecture/heimdall_v2/introduction","d":"2026-09-28"}},"gnosis_chain":{"bridge_custody_control":{"s":5,"q":"Bridge transactions currently requires signatures from 4 of 7 validators.","u":"https://docs.gnosischain.com/bridges/management/validators","d":"2026-09-28"},"validator_set_concentration":{"s":4,"q":"Currently, there are over 200,000 validators who secure the network.","u":"https://docs.gnosischain.com/about/","d":"2026-09-28"},"failure_and_halt_record":{"s":5,"q":"Gnosis absorbed the losses and all funds were restored to users. | Bridge to Gnosis Chain paused by bridge validators.","u":"https://www.gnosis.io/blog/post-mortem-gnosis-pay-vulnerability-exploit","d":"2026-09-28"},"finality_and_reorg_behaviour":{"s":5,"q":"Finalization Time | 2.7 min","u":"https://docs.gnosischain.com/about/networks/mainnet","d":"2026-09-28"}},"bnb_smart_chain":{"bridge_custody_control":{"s":2,"q":"BNB Chain offers a bridge aggregator that shows the best route for moving assets between chains using one of our six route providers | We help users see available routes for transferring assets into or out of BNB Chain, but we do not operate the routes or control token availability.","u":"https://docs.bnbchain.org/bnb-smart-chain/cross-chain-bridge/","d":"2026-09-28"},"validator_set_concentration":{"s":4,"q":"BSC conducts a daily election process post 00:00 UTC to select the top 45 active validators based on their staking rankings for block production.","u":"https://docs.bnbchain.org/bnb-smart-chain/validator/overview/","d":"2026-09-28"},"failure_and_halt_record":{"s":2,"q":"A total of 2 million BNB was withdrawn. | Decentralized chains are not designed to be stopped, but by contacting community validators one by one, we were able to stop the incident from spreading.","u":"https://www.bnbchain.org/en/blog/bnb-chain-ecosystem-update","d":"2026-09-28"},"finality_and_reorg_behaviour":{"s":8,"q":"BSC produces blocks every 0.45s (post-Fermi hardfork), processes up to 5 trillion gas/day, and has achieved zero downtime throughout 2025","u":"https://docs.bnbchain.org/llms.txt","d":"2026-09-28"}},"chiliz_chain":{"bridge_custody_control":{"s":3,"q":"eth_call at Ethereum block 26074822 (2026-09-28): ERC20Handler 0x2F1d2754393356AEA6334180DA04BAB84412D580 _bridgeAddress() = 0xC94c4Ec62a59fCF4964873cC6529559Cc7717388 (22,154 bytes of code); that bridge _totalRelayers() = 7, _expiry() = 100, paused() = false; _relayerThreshold()…","u":"https://docs.chiliz.com/learn/about-bridging/using-chiliz-bridge.md","d":"2026-09-28"},"validator_set_concentration":{"s":2,"q":"You must stake a MINIMUM of 10 million CHZ. | You must get approved by the existing set of validators.","u":"https://docs.chiliz.com/learn/about-validators/how-to-become-a-validator.md","d":"2026-09-28"},"failure_and_halt_record":{"s":5,"q":"To keep Chiliz Chain secure and trustworthy, we've had several security audits done by industry-leading firms.","u":"https://docs.chiliz.com/learn/about-chiliz-chain/security-audits.md","d":"2026-09-28"},"finality_and_reorg_behaviour":{"s":1,"q":"Finality on Chiliz Chain is probabilistic: the deeper a block is buried, the less likely a reorganization becomes.","u":"https://docs.chiliz.com/learn/about-chiliz-chain/differences-from-ethereum.md","d":"2026-09-28"}},"skale_network":{"bridge_custody_control":{"s":3,"q":"eth_call and eth_getStorageAt at Ethereum block 26074822 (2026-09-28): the EIP-1967 admin slot 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103 of DepositBoxERC20 0x8fB1A35bB6fB9c47Fb5065BE5062cB8dC1687669, DepositBoxEth 0x49F583d263e4Ef938b9E09772D3394c71605Df94 and…","u":"https://etherscan.io/address/0x13fD1622F0E7e50A87B79cb296cbAf18362631C0","d":"2026-09-28"},"validator_set_concentration":{"s":3,"q":"eth_call at Ethereum block 26074822 (2026-09-28): ValidatorService 0x840C8122433A5AA7ad60C1Bcdc36AB9DcCF761a5 numberOfValidators() = 69; Nodes 0xD489665414D051336CE2F2C6e4184De0409e40ba getNumberOfNodes() = 240, numberOfActiveNodes() = 8, getNumberOnlineNodes() = 8; SchainsInternal…","u":"https://etherscan.io/address/0xD489665414D051336CE2F2C6e4184De0409e40ba","d":"2026-09-28"},"failure_and_halt_record":{"s":5,"q":"RPC eth_getBlockByNumber(\"latest\") on mainnet.skalenodes.com/v1/elated-tan-skat on 2026-09-28 returned block 27827647 timestamped 2026-09-28T08:40:07Z, against block 27075881 read on 2026-08-07: the Europa hub kept producing blocks through the review window.","u":"https://docs.skale.space/skale-chain/introduction.md","d":"2026-09-28"},"finality_and_reorg_behaviour":{"s":3,"q":"Blocks finalize instantly once 2/3 of a chain’s validator committee signs, so there are no reorgs or multi-confirmation waits.","u":"https://docs.skale.space/skale-chain/consensus.md","d":"2026-09-28"}},"cronos":{"bridge_custody_control":{"s":2,"q":"Cross-chain bridging between Ethereum and Cronos will be launched soon, and it will support ERC20 tokens like ETH, WBTC, USDT, and DAT.","u":"https://help.crypto.com/en/articles/5645017-cronos-bridge","d":"2026-09-28"},"validator_set_concentration":{"s":1,"q":"There are currently 33 validators supporting the Cronos network, all leading infrastructure providers. | Cronos validators are by invitation only at the moment.","u":"https://docs.cronos.com/cronos-chain-protocol/cronos-general-faq.md","d":"2026-09-28"},"failure_and_halt_record":{"s":2,"q":"The attack led Cronos validators to halt the Layer 1 blockchain at block 90,907,150 before agreeing to restore the network to block 90,896,188, the final block produced before the exploit began.","u":"https://crypto.news/cronos-says-9-19m-remains-unrecovered-after-120m-tectonic-exploit/","d":"2026-09-28"},"finality_and_reorg_behaviour":{"s":5,"q":"The rollback discarded 10,961 blocks, representing 1 hour and 54 minutes of Cronos transaction history, according to the post-mortem. | It was a hard decision, taken together with the validators, weighing the finality users expect from a chain against the funds at risk","u":"https://crypto.news/cronos-says-9-19m-remains-unrecovered-after-120m-tectonic-exploit/","d":"2026-09-28"}},"harmony":{"bridge_custody_control":{"s":1,"q":"eth_call at Ethereum block 26074863 (2026-09-28): Horizon EthManager 0xF9Fb1c508Ff49F78b60d3A96dea99Fa5d7F3A8A6 and ERC20Manager 0x2dCCDB493827E15a5dC8f8b72147E6c4A5620857 both return wallet() = 0x715CdDa5e9Ad30A0cEd14940F9997EE611496De6; that MultiSigWallet returns required() = 1 and getOwners() =…","u":"https://etherscan.io/address/0x715CdDa5e9Ad30A0cEd14940F9997EE611496De6","d":"2026-09-28"},"validator_set_concentration":{"s":1,"q":"Validators may also begin shutting down from 7 a.m. Pacific Time that day. | Under the new proposal, Harmony would take a snapshot at the chain’s final block and distribute new ONE tokens to the same wallet addresses on Ethereum.","u":"https://cryptoslate.com/a-seven-year-old-blockchain-is-permanently-abandoning-its-own-network-to-seek-refuge-on-ethereum/","d":"2026-09-28"},"failure_and_halt_record":{"s":0,"q":"Harmony will roll back Shard 0 to block height 92,730,034 and Shard 1 to block height 94,978,278, effectively reverting the state of the blockchain to 23:25:37 UTC on Aug. 11, before the initial breach.","u":"https://news.bitcoin.com/blockchain/harmony-protocol-to-roll-back-network-after-massive-exploit/","d":"2026-09-28"},"finality_and_reorg_behaviour":{"s":1,"q":"On Harmony mainnet, it now takes 2 seconds to finalize a newly proposed block and the transactions inside.","u":"https://docs.harmony.one/home/general/technology/transactions.md","d":"2026-09-28"}}}}