{
  "version": 2,
  "id": "chainchoice:bitcoin-cost-germany:2026-11",
  "edition": "2026-11",
  "status": "open",
  "title": "What €500 of bitcoin costs in Germany",
  "question": "One purchase of €500 of bitcoin, once, by bank transfer, in Germany",
  "basis": "Published-fee cost, spread not measured",
  "builtOn": "2026-11-12",
  "closesOn": "2026-11-30",
  "newestReadOn": "2026-11-10",
  "amount": 500,
  "currency": "EUR",
  "cadence": "once",
  "pay": "bank",
  "page": "/insights/bitcoin-cost-germany",
  "sourcePage": "/buy/bitcoin/in/germany",
  "otherAmountPage": "/buy/bitcoin/in/germany?amt=1000",
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "ChainChoice (https://chainchoice.io)",
  "method": [
    "One purchase of €500 of bitcoin (BTC/EUR), once, paid by bank transfer (SEPA), by a reader in Germany.",
    "Every exchange and buying app ChainChoice ranks that serves Germany is in the table, unless its own pages say it does not list BTC/EUR. Where a listing could not be confirmed, the row says so.",
    "On the trading screen: you place the order yourself on the exchange's order book. The figure is €500 at its taker fee, the fee on an order that fills at once. It is the figure the bitcoin page for Germany prints for that exchange. A buying app has no trading screen.",
    "With the simple Buy button: you enter an amount and accept the price you are shown. For a buying app whose purchase fee is published in full, the figure is that fee (percentage, plus any fixed fee, at least its minimum). For every other provider it is €500 at the provider's own published rate for a simple purchase, the figure our category pages print.",
    "Where a provider publishes a range of rates, the cell prints the low and the high. Where it publishes one end only, the cell says which end.",
    "A figure counts only when its source page was read within the category's published re-read cadence. A cell without a figure says why.",
    "The lowest, typical and highest are taken over the rows the bitcoin page for Germany prices. \"Typical\" is one named provider: the middle of those rows, the lower of the two middle rows when their number is even. A provider without a confirmed fee is named, never counted, and never given an estimate."
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "The spread (the gap between the price you pay and the market price) is not measured. A figure that is a fee leaves the spread out, so it is a lower bound of what the purchase costs. A figure from a published spread is the provider's own statement (a range, a maximum or an average where the cell says so), not our measurement.",
    "No test purchases were made: the figures are the providers' published fees and rates, read from their own pages.",
    "Deposit, withdrawal and network fees are outside this purchase and are not included.",
    "No figure here is an all-in cost or a total cost: a published fee can be low where the unmeasured spread is not.",
    "The index covers the exchanges and buying apps ChainChoice ranks that serve Germany. Other providers exist and are not read here."
  ],
  "ways": {
    "trading_screen": "On the trading screen",
    "simple_buy": "With the simple Buy button"
  },
  "counted": 8,
  "lowest": {
    "fee": 0.5,
    "feeText": "€0.50",
    "names": [
      "Gate EU"
    ],
    "way": "trading_screen"
  },
  "typical": {
    "id": "bitvavo",
    "name": "Bitvavo",
    "fee": 1.25,
    "feeText": "€1.25",
    "way": "trading_screen",
    "n": 8,
    "text": "typical: Bitvavo €1.25, the middle of the 8 priced"
  },
  "highest": {
    "fee": 4,
    "feeText": "€4.00",
    "names": [
      "Kraken"
    ],
    "way": "trading_screen"
  },
  "simple": {
    "priced": 8,
    "floor": 5,
    "lowest": {
      "id": "finst",
      "name": "Finst",
      "text": "€0.75"
    },
    "typical": {
      "id": "bitpanda-buy",
      "name": "Bitpanda",
      "text": "€4.95"
    },
    "text": "With the simple Buy button: the lowest published price is €0.75 (Finst); typical: Bitpanda €4.95, the middle of the 8 priced, ordered by the low end of each price."
  },
  "set": {
    "n": 8,
    "trading": 7,
    "simple": 1,
    "text": "Lowest, typical and highest of the 8 prices the bitcoin page for Germany lists as a fee (7 on the trading screen, 1 with the simple Buy button)."
  },
  "table": {
    "priced": 15,
    "lowest": [
      {
        "id": "gate_eu",
        "name": "Gate EU",
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "cost": 0.5,
        "costText": "€0.50",
        "bound": "exact"
      }
    ],
    "highest": [
      {
        "id": "bitstamp",
        "name": "Bitstamp",
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "cost": 11.5,
        "costText": "€11.50",
        "bound": "range"
      }
    ],
    "text": "Across the 15 published prices in this index for one €500 purchase of bitcoin by bank transfer, the lowest is €0.50 (Gate EU, on the trading screen) and the highest €11.50 (Bitstamp, with the simple Buy button, the high end of its range)."
  },
  "lede": [
    "Across the 15 published prices in this index for one €500 purchase of bitcoin by bank transfer, the lowest is €0.50 (Gate EU, on the trading screen) and the highest €11.50 (Bitstamp, with the simple Buy button, the high end of its range).",
    "The bitcoin page for Germany lists 8 of them as a fee (7 on the trading screen, 1 with the simple Buy button): among those the lowest is €0.50 (Gate EU, on the trading screen), the typical €1.25 (Bitvavo, on the trading screen) and the highest €4.00 (Kraken, on the trading screen).",
    "At Bitstamp: €2.00 on the trading screen, €9.00 to €11.50 with the simple Buy button. At Kraken: €4.00 on the trading screen, €5.00 with the simple Buy button."
  ],
  "counts": {
    "exchanges": 9,
    "tradingRead": 7,
    "providers": 17,
    "simpleRead": 8,
    "spreadMeasured": 0,
    "priced": 15,
    "pricedProviders": 13,
    "pairs": 2,
    "fromBuy": 8,
    "fromModel": 7
  },
  "countsText": "Trading-screen fee read for 7 of 9 exchanges. Simple-Buy price read for 8 of 17. Spread measured for 0 of 17. No test purchase was made.",
  "pairsText": "2 of the 17 have a published price both ways: Bitstamp and Kraken.",
  "sourcesText": "8 of the 15 prices here are figures the bitcoin page for Germany prints. The other 7 apply a provider's published simple-Buy rate to €500; that page prints no euro figure for them.",
  "providers": [
    {
      "id": "gate_eu",
      "name": "Gate EU",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "type": "exchange",
      "typeLabel": "Exchange",
      "group": "lowest",
      "trading": {
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 0.5,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€0.50",
        "rateText": "0.10% taker fee",
        "rateKind": "taker_fee",
        "pct": 0.1,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "buy",
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.gate.com/en-eu/fee",
        "reason": null
      },
      "simple": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "reason": "Not read yet"
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): the ESMA register lists GATE TECHNOLOGY LTD as authorised (Malta, since 29 September 2025), read 10 November 2026. We matched this entry to this product automatically and have not confirmed the match by hand.",
        "url": null,
        "registerReadOn": "2026-11-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "trade_republic",
      "name": "Trade Republic",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "type": "app",
      "typeLabel": "Buying app",
      "group": "lowest",
      "trading": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "reason": "No trading screen"
      },
      "simple": {
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 1,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€1.00",
        "rateText": "0% purchase fee + €1.00 per purchase",
        "rateKind": "purchase_fee",
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "buy",
        "readAt": "2026-10-29",
        "sourceUrl": "https://traderepublic.com/en-de?openModal=pricing-scheme",
        "reason": null
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): provides crypto-asset services under a MiCA Article 60 notification to BaFin (Germany), on the register since 28 April 2025. Passported: All 27 EU member states + EEA.",
        "url": "/mica/check/trade_republic",
        "registerReadOn": "2026-10-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bybit_exchange",
      "name": "Bybit",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "type": "exchange",
      "typeLabel": "Exchange",
      "group": "lowest",
      "trading": {
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 1.25,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€1.25",
        "rateText": "0.25% taker fee",
        "rateKind": "taker_fee",
        "pct": 0.25,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "buy",
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.bybit.eu/en-EU/fee/spot",
        "reason": null
      },
      "simple": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "reason": "Not read yet"
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): authorised by FMA (Austria) since 28 May 2025. Passported: EEA, through Bybit EU GmbH under the MiCA passport.",
        "url": "/mica/check/bybit",
        "registerReadOn": "2026-10-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bitvavo",
      "name": "Bitvavo",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "type": "exchange",
      "typeLabel": "Exchange",
      "group": "lowest",
      "trading": {
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 1.25,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€1.25",
        "rateText": "0.25% taker fee",
        "rateKind": "taker_fee",
        "pct": 0.25,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "buy",
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://bitvavo.com/en/fees",
        "reason": null
      },
      "simple": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "reason": "Not read yet"
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): authorised by AFM (Netherlands) since 26 June 2025. Passported: All 27 EU member states + EEA.",
        "url": "/mica/check/bitvavo",
        "registerReadOn": "2026-10-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bsdex",
      "name": "BSDEX",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "type": "exchange",
      "typeLabel": "Exchange",
      "group": "lowest",
      "trading": {
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 1.75,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€1.75",
        "rateText": "0.35% taker fee",
        "rateKind": "taker_fee",
        "pct": 0.35,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "buy",
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.bsdex.de/en/fees/",
        "reason": null
      },
      "simple": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.bsdex.de/en/fees/",
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "reason": "No simple-Buy price published"
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): the ESMA register lists Baden-Württembergische Wertpapierbörse GmbH as authorised (Germany, since 3 July 2025), read 10 November 2026. We matched this entry to this product automatically and have not confirmed the match by hand.",
        "url": null,
        "registerReadOn": "2026-11-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bitstamp",
      "name": "Bitstamp",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "type": "exchange",
      "typeLabel": "Exchange",
      "group": "lowest",
      "trading": {
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 2,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€2.00",
        "rateText": "0.40% taker fee",
        "rateKind": "taker_fee",
        "pct": 0.4,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "buy",
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.bitstamp.net/fee-schedule/",
        "reason": null
      },
      "simple": {
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 9,
        "costHigh": 11.5,
        "bound": "range",
        "costText": "€9.00 to €11.50",
        "rateText": "1.8% to 2.3% spread",
        "rateKind": "published_spread",
        "pct": 1.8,
        "pctHigh": 2.3,
        "note": "These are the low and the high of the spread the provider states, applied to your amount. We have not measured it.",
        "from": "model",
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.bitstamp.net/fee-schedule/",
        "reason": null
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): authorised by CSSF (Luxembourg) since 15 May 2025. Passported: All 27 EU member states + EEA.",
        "url": "/mica/check/bitstamp",
        "registerReadOn": "2026-10-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bit2me",
      "name": "Bit2Me",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "type": "exchange",
      "typeLabel": "Exchange",
      "group": "lowest",
      "trading": {
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 3,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€3.00",
        "rateText": "0.60% taker fee",
        "rateKind": "taker_fee",
        "pct": 0.6,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "buy",
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://support.bit2me.com/en/support/solutions/articles/35000258262-wallet-transaction-fees-purchases-sales-and-exchanges",
        "reason": null
      },
      "simple": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://support.bit2me.com/en/support/solutions/articles/35000258262-wallet-transaction-fees-purchases-sales-and-exchanges",
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "reason": "Price shown at checkout only"
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): the ESMA register lists BITCOINFORME SL as authorised (Spain, since 31 October 2025), read 10 November 2026. We matched this entry to this product automatically and have not confirmed the match by hand.",
        "url": null,
        "registerReadOn": "2026-11-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "kraken",
      "name": "Kraken",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "type": "exchange",
      "typeLabel": "Exchange",
      "group": "lowest",
      "trading": {
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 4,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€4.00",
        "rateText": "0.80% taker fee",
        "rateKind": "taker_fee",
        "pct": 0.8,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "buy",
        "readAt": "2026-10-28",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.kraken.com/features/fee-schedule",
        "reason": null
      },
      "simple": {
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 5,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€5.00",
        "rateText": "1% simple-Buy fee",
        "rateKind": "instant_buy_fee",
        "pct": 1,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "model",
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.kraken.com/features/fee-schedule",
        "reason": null
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): authorised by Central Bank of Ireland (CBI) since 25 June 2025. Passported: All 27 EU member states + EEA.",
        "url": "/mica/check/kraken",
        "registerReadOn": "2026-10-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "strike",
      "name": "Strike",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "type": "app",
      "typeLabel": "Buying app",
      "group": "spread",
      "trading": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "reason": "No trading screen"
      },
      "simple": {
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 4.45,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€4.45",
        "rateText": "0.89% purchase fee",
        "rateKind": "purchase_fee",
        "pct": 0.89,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "model",
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://strike.me/eu/en/support/what-are-the-trading-fees/",
        "reason": null
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): the ESMA register lists Zap (Strike) Europe Limited as authorised (Malta, since 25 June 2026), read 10 November 2026. We matched this entry to this product automatically and have not confirmed the match by hand.",
        "url": null,
        "registerReadOn": "2026-11-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bison",
      "name": "BISON",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "type": "app",
      "typeLabel": "Buying app",
      "group": "spread",
      "trading": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "reason": "No trading screen"
      },
      "simple": {
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 6.25,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "average",
        "costText": "€6.25",
        "rateText": "1.25% spread (the provider's stated average)",
        "rateKind": "published_spread",
        "pct": 1.25,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "This is the spread the provider states, applied to your amount; where it states a range, this is its low end and your cost can be higher. We have not measured it.",
        "from": "model",
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://bisonapp.com/en/costs/",
        "reason": null
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "no_record",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): no register record on file here.",
        "url": null,
        "registerReadOn": null
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "relai",
      "name": "Relai",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "type": "app",
      "typeLabel": "Buying app",
      "group": "spread",
      "trading": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "reason": "No trading screen"
      },
      "simple": {
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 5,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€5.00",
        "rateText": "1% purchase fee",
        "rateKind": "purchase_fee",
        "pct": 1,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "model",
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://relai.app/pricing-policy-eu/",
        "reason": null
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): authorised by AMF (France) since 23 October 2025. Passported: the 26 other EU member states (not Iceland, Liechtenstein or Norway).",
        "url": "/mica/check/relai",
        "registerReadOn": "2026-10-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "finst",
      "name": "Finst",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "type": "app",
      "typeLabel": "Buying app",
      "group": "spread",
      "trading": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "reason": "No trading screen"
      },
      "simple": {
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 0.75,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€0.75",
        "rateText": "0.15% purchase fee",
        "rateKind": "purchase_fee",
        "pct": 0.15,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "model",
        "readAt": "2026-11-10",
        "sourceUrl": "https://finst.com/en/fees",
        "reason": null
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): the ESMA register lists Finst B.V. as authorised (Netherlands, since 24 July 2025), read 10 November 2026. We matched this entry to this product automatically and have not confirmed the match by hand.",
        "url": null,
        "registerReadOn": "2026-11-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bitpanda-buy",
      "name": "Bitpanda",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "type": "app",
      "typeLabel": "Buying app",
      "group": "spread",
      "trading": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "reason": "No trading screen"
      },
      "simple": {
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "state": "priced",
        "cost": 4.95,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": "exact",
        "costText": "€4.95",
        "rateText": "0.99% purchase fee",
        "rateKind": "purchase_fee",
        "pct": 0.99,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": "spread not included",
        "from": "model",
        "readAt": "2026-11-03",
        "sourceUrl": "https://cdn.bitpanda.com/terms-and-conditions/cost-transparency-crypto-bitpanda-en-latest.pdf",
        "reason": null
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): the ESMA register lists Bitpanda GmbH as authorised (Austria, since 9 April 2025), read 10 November 2026. We matched this entry to this product automatically and have not confirmed the match by hand.",
        "url": null,
        "registerReadOn": "2026-11-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "coinbase_exchange",
      "name": "Coinbase",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "type": "exchange",
      "typeLabel": "Exchange",
      "group": "unpriced",
      "trading": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "reason": "Not read yet"
      },
      "simple": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "reason": "BTC/EUR listing not confirmed"
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): authorised by CSSF (Luxembourg) since 20 June 2025. Passported: All 27 EU member states + EEA.",
        "url": "/mica/check/coinbase",
        "registerReadOn": "2026-10-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "okx_exchange",
      "name": "OKX",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "type": "exchange",
      "typeLabel": "Exchange",
      "group": "unconfirmed",
      "trading": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "reason": "BTC/EUR listing not confirmed"
      },
      "simple": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "reason": "BTC/EUR listing not confirmed"
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): authorised by MFSA (Malta) since 27 January 2025. Passported: All 27 EU member states + EEA.",
        "url": "/mica/check/okx",
        "registerReadOn": "2026-10-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "coinbase-simple-buy",
      "name": "Coinbase (Simple Buy)",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "type": "app",
      "typeLabel": "Buying app",
      "group": "unconfirmed",
      "trading": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "reason": "No trading screen"
      },
      "simple": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "reason": "BTC/EUR listing not confirmed"
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "no_record",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): no register record on file here.",
        "url": null,
        "registerReadOn": null
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "revolut-crypto",
      "name": "Revolut Crypto",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "type": "app",
      "typeLabel": "Buying app",
      "group": "unconfirmed",
      "trading": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "trading_screen",
        "reason": "No trading screen"
      },
      "simple": {
        "state": "not_priced",
        "cost": null,
        "costHigh": null,
        "bound": null,
        "costText": null,
        "rateText": null,
        "rateKind": null,
        "pct": null,
        "pctHigh": null,
        "note": null,
        "from": null,
        "readAt": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "way": "simple_buy",
        "reason": "BTC/EUR listing not confirmed"
      },
      "spreadMeasured": false,
      "mica": {
        "state": "on_register",
        "sentence": "MiCA (EU): the ESMA register lists REVOLUT DIGITAL ASSETS EUROPE LTD as authorised (Cyprus, since 20 October 2025), read 10 November 2026. We matched this entry to this product automatically and have not confirmed the match by hand.",
        "url": null,
        "registerReadOn": "2026-11-10"
      }
    }
  ],
  "mica": {
    "providers": 17,
    "matched": 15,
    "noRecord": [
      "BISON",
      "Coinbase (Simple Buy)"
    ],
    "otherRecord": [],
    "text": "Of the 17 providers read for Germany, our records match 15 to an entity on ESMA's interim MiCA register (register read 10 November 2026, 397 entities). For BISON and Coinbase (Simple Buy) we hold no register record here: that is a gap in our records, not a finding about the register.",
    "register": {
      "readOn": "2026-11-10",
      "total": 397,
      "lastChange": {
        "readOn": "2026-11-10",
        "previousReadOn": "2026-11-05",
        "counts": {
          "authorised": 5,
          "passport_changed": 3,
          "renamed": 5
        }
      }
    },
    "registerText": "ESMA's interim MiCA register held 397 entities at our read of 10 November 2026. The last read that differed from the one before it (10 November 2026, against 5 November 2026): 5 new authorisations, 3 passport changes and 5 renamed entities.",
    "changesPage": "/mica/changes"
  },
  "confirmed": [
    {
      "order": 1,
      "id": "gate_eu",
      "name": "Gate EU",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "poolLabel": "Exchanges",
      "fee": 0.5,
      "feeText": "€0.50",
      "parts": "0.1% taker fee",
      "readAt": "2026-11-10",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.gate.com/en-eu/fee"
      ]
    },
    {
      "order": 2,
      "id": "trade_republic",
      "name": "Trade Republic",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "poolLabel": "Fiat Simple Buy",
      "fee": 1,
      "feeText": "€1.00",
      "parts": "0% purchase fee + €1.00 per purchase",
      "readAt": "2026-10-29",
      "sources": [
        "https://traderepublic.com/en-de?openModal=pricing-scheme",
        "https://traderepublic.com/en-de?openModal=pricing-scheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "order": 3,
      "id": "bybit_exchange",
      "name": "Bybit",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "poolLabel": "Exchanges",
      "fee": 1.25,
      "feeText": "€1.25",
      "parts": "0.25% taker fee",
      "readAt": "2026-11-10",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.bybit.eu/en-EU/fee/spot"
      ]
    },
    {
      "order": 4,
      "id": "bitvavo",
      "name": "Bitvavo",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "poolLabel": "Exchanges",
      "fee": 1.25,
      "feeText": "€1.25",
      "parts": "0.25% taker fee",
      "readAt": "2026-11-10",
      "sources": [
        "https://bitvavo.com/en/fees"
      ]
    },
    {
      "order": 5,
      "id": "bsdex",
      "name": "BSDEX",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "poolLabel": "Exchanges",
      "fee": 1.75,
      "feeText": "€1.75",
      "parts": "0.35% taker fee",
      "readAt": "2026-11-10",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.bsdex.de/en/fees/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "order": 6,
      "id": "bitstamp",
      "name": "Bitstamp",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "poolLabel": "Exchanges",
      "fee": 2,
      "feeText": "€2.00",
      "parts": "0.4% taker fee",
      "readAt": "2026-11-10",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.bitstamp.net/fee-schedule/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "order": 7,
      "id": "bit2me",
      "name": "Bit2Me",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "poolLabel": "Exchanges",
      "fee": 3,
      "feeText": "€3.00",
      "parts": "0.6% taker fee",
      "readAt": "2026-11-10",
      "sources": [
        "https://support.bit2me.com/en/support/solutions/articles/35000258262-wallet-transaction-fees-purchases-sales-and-exchanges"
      ]
    },
    {
      "order": 8,
      "id": "kraken",
      "name": "Kraken",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "poolLabel": "Exchanges",
      "fee": 4,
      "feeText": "€4.00",
      "parts": "0.8% taker fee",
      "readAt": "2026-10-28",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.kraken.com/features/fee-schedule"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "notConfirmed": [
    {
      "id": "strike",
      "name": "Strike",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "group": "spread",
      "reason": "Charges through its price (fee in the spread): not measured"
    },
    {
      "id": "bison",
      "name": "BISON",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "group": "spread",
      "reason": "Charges through its price (fee in the spread): not measured"
    },
    {
      "id": "relai",
      "name": "Relai",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "group": "spread",
      "reason": "Charges through its price (fee in the spread): not measured"
    },
    {
      "id": "finst",
      "name": "Finst",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "group": "spread",
      "reason": "Charges through its price (fee in the spread): not measured"
    },
    {
      "id": "bitpanda-buy",
      "name": "Bitpanda",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "group": "spread",
      "reason": "Charges through its price (fee in the spread): not measured"
    },
    {
      "id": "coinbase_exchange",
      "name": "Coinbase",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "group": "unpriced",
      "reason": "Purchase fee not on record for this purchase"
    },
    {
      "id": "okx_exchange",
      "name": "OKX",
      "pool": "exchange",
      "group": "unconfirmed",
      "reason": "BTC/EUR listing not confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "coinbase-simple-buy",
      "name": "Coinbase (Simple Buy)",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "group": "unconfirmed",
      "reason": "BTC/EUR listing not confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "revolut-crypto",
      "name": "Revolut Crypto",
      "pool": "simple_buy",
      "group": "unconfirmed",
      "reason": "BTC/EUR listing not confirmed"
    }
  ],
  "notListed": [],
  "notServing": 13
}